chapter 10
L1-CONNECTIVE TISSUE/ BIOCOMPUTING
CONTROLLER METABOLISM APPLICATION
MICROCHIP- GPS TRASPONDER
What is a transponder and what is it for? A transponder is a device inserted under the skin that carries the microchip, containing the unique number of the host and an antenna that receives radio wave signals. The transponder is encapsulated in bio-glass for protection and is injected into a standard spot under the skin, on the back or on the left side of the neck. It takes about three weeks for thin layers of connective tissue to form around the transponder implant and hold it in the correct position.
Transponders are subject to strict regulations and it is possible to check if they comply with ISO (International Standardization Organization) standards through websites such as www.dvc.services. Entering the 15-digit number verifies whether it has passed the ISO standards and whether the manufacturer is known.
How Biocomputing Works And Matters For AI
Organoidi DishBrain
final spark Neuroplatform
cyborg organoids
brain-on-a-chip-organoid
brain organoids
Moore's Law 1971-2011
organoid wetware
+10
L'organoid wetware (o wetware basato su organoidi) è un campo di ricerca emergente all'intersezione tra biologia, neuroscienze e intelligenza artificiale, che utilizza organoidi cerebrali umani—minuscoli ammassi 3D di neuroni vivi cresciuti in laboratorio—come componenti hardware per l'elaborazione delle informazioni. A differenza dell'informatica basata sul silicio, questa "biocomputazione" sfrutta le capacità di apprendimento e la straordinaria efficienza energetica delle reti neurali biologiche.
Ecco i punti chiave sull'organoid wetware:
Cos'è l'Organoid Wetware
"Mini-cervelli" su chip: I ricercatori coltivano staminali umane in sferoidi 3D (organoidi) che sviluppano cellule nervose funzionali. Questi sono disposti su array di microelettrodi (MEA) che stimolano i neuroni e registrano la loro attività elettrica.
Finalità: L'obiettivo non è simulare il cervello con i computer, ma usare "il vero" tessuto cerebrale per superare i limiti energetici e di calcolo del silicio.
Efficienza: I neuroni biologici sono circa un milione di volte più efficienti dal punto di vista energetico rispetto a quelli artificiali.
Applicazioni Attuali e Ricerca
"Living Servers" (Server Viventi): La start-up svizzera FinalSpark ha sviluppato una "Neuroplatform" che permette ai ricercatori di accedere a organoidi da remoto, che possono sopravvivere per oltre 100 giorni.
Apprendimento e Robotica: Cortical Labs ha dimostrato che i neuroni su chip ("DishBrain") possono imparare a giocare a Pong, mentre ricercatori cinesi (MetaBOC) hanno utilizzato organoidi per controllare un piccolo robot, creando un ciclo di feedback tra attività neurale e movimento.
Medicina: Questi sistemi vengono utilizzati anche per studiare malattie neurodegenerative come l'Alzheimer e l'autismo, riducendo l'uso di test sugli animali.
Vantaggi e Sfide
Vantaggi: Basso consumo energetico (il cervello umano opera con circa 20W), capacità di adattamento e apprendimento continuo, parallelo e dinamico.
Sfide Tecniche: Attualmente gli organoidi mancano di vasi sanguigni, limitando la loro dimensione e longevità. La riproducibilità degli esperimenti è difficile perché il tessuto vivente cambia costantemente.
Sfide Etiche: Con l'aumento della complessità, sorge il dibattito sulla potenziale coscienza o sentienza di questi organoidi, spingendo alla creazione di quadri etici come la "Baltimore Declaration".
In sintesi, l'organoid wetware non mira a sostituire immediatamente l'IA su silicio, ma a creare sistemi "bio-ibridi" per compiti specifici che richiedono un'efficienza energetica e una capacità di apprendimento di gran lunga superiore a quella odierna.
News : Lab-Grown Human Brains Power 'Wetware'
14 ott 2025 — News : Lab-Grown Human Brains Power 'Wetware' * What Are These “Mini Brains”? In this case, “mini brains” are brain organoids, which are small three-dimensional...
www.dignetsol.co.uk
Lab-Grown Human Brains Power 'Wetware' - Just Computers
14 ott 2025 — Lab-Grown Human Brains Power 'Wetware' * What Are These “Mini Brains”? In this case, “mini brains” are brain organoids, which are small three-dimensional cluste...
Just Computers Kempston
Wetware computer - Wikipedia
Major characteristics and processes. Biological wetware systems demonstrate dynamic reconfigurability underpinned by neuroplasticity and enable continuous learn...
Wikipedia
World's first 'living computer' goes global with 10 universities on board
21 ott 2025 — The company is experimenting with clusters of neurons called organoids that perform simple computational tasks. ... Scientists are growing tiny clumps of living...
Interesting Engineering
Open and remotely accessible Neuroplatform for research ... - PMC
2 mag 2024 — Abstract. Wetware computing and organoid intelligence is an emerging research field at the intersection of electrophysiology and artificial intelligence. The co...
National Institutes of Health (NIH) | (.gov)
Human brain cells hooked up to a chip can do speech recognition
11 dic 2023 — Brain organoids, clumps of human brain cells grown in a dish, can be hooked up to an electronic chip and carry out simple computational tasks, a new study shows...
MIT Technology Review
The Rise of Wetware: How Organoid Intelligence is Challenging ...
6 nov 2025 — For decades, the foundation of modern computing has rested on silicon-based integrated circuits, governed by Moore's Law. While this dominance has delivered inc...
Scientists explore “wetware” using human mini-brains to power ...
22 ott 2025 — Biological neurons are significantly more energy-efficient than artificial ones and can be reproduced in the lab, unlike in-demand AI chips. Globally, ten unive...
News of Bahrain
'Wetware': Scientists use human mini-brains to power computers
20 ott 2025 — This new field of research, called biocomputing or “wetware”, aims to harness the evolutionarily honed yet still mysterious computing power of the human brain. ...
Canadian Affairs
Rust, Living Cells, and Brain-Inspired Chips - Medium
8 feb 2026 — Researchers at Johns Hopkins University, Cortical Labs in Melbourne, and a Swiss company called FinalSpark are building computing systems that use lab-grown clu...
Medium
Scientists grow mini human brains to power computers - BBC
3 ott 2025 — That is the vision of Dr Fred Jordan, co-founder of the FinalSpark lab I visited. We are all used to the ideas of hardware and software in the computers we curr...
BBC
The Baltimore declaration toward the exploration of organoid intelligence
wetware I.A. interest
Artificial intelligence (AI) is interested in wetware—the integration of living biological tissue, particularly neural networks or brain organoids, into computational systems—primarily because it promises to overcome the physical and energy limitations of silicon-based hardware. Here are the main reasons why researchers are looking at wetware: Extreme energy efficiency: Biological neurons are approximately a million times more energy efficient than traditional graphics processing units (GPUs). With AI's ever-increasing power requirements, wetware offers a sustainable solution. Adaptive and real-time learning: Unlike current AI models, which require extensive training on static data, biological systems are inherently adaptive, capable of learning from minimal examples and reorganizing themselves. Overcoming silicon limitations: Traditional hardware is approaching its physical limits. Wetware, described as a hybrid system, combines the speed of computers with the complexity of the brain. Self-healing ability: Living systems are inherently capable of repairing themselves and maintaining their structures, unlike silicon chips, which, once damaged, are unusable. Complex information processing: Neurons are capable of handling uncertain and complex information, mimicking the way the human brain processes information, something that current AI struggles to replicate. The "Wetware" context: The term, a portmanteau of "wet" and "hardware," represents a paradigm shift towards biocomputing. Companies and laboratories (such as FinalSpark and Cortical Labs) are already working on "brain-on-a-chip" or "wetware as a service" to create processors based on human brain cells grown in the lab. However, wetware presents significant challenges: living neural systems are extremely complex and difficult to reverse engineer, making their technical integration very challenging. Wetware-Hardware Hybrids - IFTF Apr 22, 2019 — All life as we know it is made of cells that are squishy and full of salt water. That's why animals' control systems (networks of neurons and glial cells) are s... IFTF Wetware Computing Paves the Way for Low-Power AI Sep 25, 2025 — As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to advance, the energy demands and computational load on traditional silicon-based chips are skyrocketing. With conven... Aerospace Information research Institute， Chinese Academy of Sciences 'Wetware': Scientists use human mini-brains to power computers Oct 17, 2025 — This new field of research, called biocomputing or "wetware", aims to harness the evolutionarily honed yet still mysterious computing power of the human brain. ... The Standard (HK) #29: Wetware: The Biological Future of Computing - LinkedIn Apr 3, 2025
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Wetware-Hardware Hybrids
APR 22, 2019 By Steve M. Potter
